R6RS Macros and R6RS libraries (van Tonder)
_R6RS Macros and R6RS libraries (van Tonder)_
_r6rs-expander-vantonder_
David Van Horn
<[email protected]>
This collection provides the van Tonder portable implementation of
R6RS Macros and R6RS libraries, version 5.97.3 (aug-14-07):
http://www.het.brown.edu/people/andre/macros/
To import the library:
(require (planet "expander.ss" ("dvanhorn" "r6rs-expander-vantonder.plt" 2 0)))
This library currently consists of a module that exports the
procedures _ex:repl_, _ex:expand-file_, _ex:expand-r5rs-file_, etc. as
defined in the van Tonder implementation. Future versions of this
library may provide support for integrating R6RS libraries into
MzScheme modules.
REPL
====
> (ex:repl quoted-top-level-sequence-of-forms)
A REPL is provided that is integrated with the r6rs library system.
Libraries and programs can be defined at, imported into and run in
the REPL toplevel. The ex:repl procedure expands and evaluates a
sequence of forms one by one.
The REPL goes beyond r6rs to allow incremental development in a
toplevel environment. The developer can freely change, replace and
make new toplevel definitions, evaluate toplevel expressions, enter
libraries and <toplevel programs> at the prompt, as well as import
libraries into the toplevel environment.
Example
-------
Here is a simple example use of the REPL:
> (require (planet "expander.ss" ("dvanhorn" "r6rs-expander-vantonder.plt" 2 0)))
> (ex:repl '( 1 ))
prints: 1
In order to access any bindings such as +, define, lambda, etc., you
must first import the appropriate library. So the following fails:
> (ex:repl '( (+ 1 1) ))
error: reference to undefined identifier: ~+
But importing the base library provides the binding for +, as in:
> (ex:repl '( (import (rnrs base))
(+ 1 1) ))
prints: 2
Note that the ex:repl procedure is stateful. Once a library has been
imported into the top-level, subsequent uses of ex:repl will have
access to those library bindings. So, for example:
> (ex:repl '( (+ 1 1) ))
prints: 2
An extensive example REPL session is given in:
http://www.het.brown.edu/people/andre/macros/aug-14-07/examples.scm
This file is also included in the private/src/ directory.
Expander
========
> (ex:expand-file source-file destination-file dependency-file ...)
Use this to expand a file containing libraries and/or toplevel
programs before loading into an r5rs-type system or feeding result
to an r5rs-type compiler.
The expander expands everything to r5rs toplevel definitions
and expressions, so the expanded code should be compilable
with an r5rs compiler.
Example
-------
Source code for the standard libraries is included in
private/src/standard-libraries.scm, which contains a series of library
forms. This file can be expanded as follows (assuming it is in your
current path):
(ex:expand-file "standard-libraries.scm" "standard-libraries.exp")
The file standard-libraries.exp contains an R5RS top-level sequence
for the fully expanded standard libraries. The program can then be
run by loading it.
Libraries must be expanded given the names of all the expanded
libraries on which they depend.
See the examples file for more involved compilation examples.
The original readme follows.
---
;;;===============================================================================
;;;
;;; R6RS Macros and R6RS libraries:
;;;
;;; Copyright (c) 2006 Andre van Tonder
;;;
;;; Copyright statement at srfi.schemers.org/srfi-process.html
;;;
;;;===============================================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------
TO RUN : execute examples.scm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Should run out of the box on any R5RS system.
Tested on: MzScheme (compat file provided)
Petite Chez (compat file provided)
Larceny (compat file provided)
In case you don't have syntax-rules, a fully expanded version is
provided for bootstrapping. These are the two large .exp files,
which are otherwise unnecessary.
R6RS COMPLIANCE NOTES:
======================
SYNTAX-CASE:
------------
FULLY R5.97RS-COMPLIANT, WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONAL OR RECOMMENDED FEATURES:
* Expansion algorithm (r6rs optional):
We use a renaming algorithm instead of the mark-antimark
algorithm described in the draft. The difference will not
matter for r6rs-conforming macros.
* Wrapped = Unwrapped (r6rs optional):
A wrapped syntax object is the same as an unwrapped syntax
object, and can be directly manipulated using car, cdr, ...
without syntax-case deconstruction.
This should make porting of legacy low-level macros,
e.g., explicit renaming or define-macro, easier.
Macros depending on this feature wil not be
portable to all r6rs implementations.
* Lexical scoping violation detection (r6rs recommended):
We treat a violation of the following restriction in chapter 8
as a syntax violation:
A definition in the sequence of forms must not define any
identifier whose binding is used to determine the meaning of the
undeferred portions of the definition or any definition that
precedes it in the sequence of forms.
LIBRARIES:
----------
FULLY R5.97RS-COMPLIANT WITH ONE EXCEPTION (SEE BELOW) WITH THE FOLLOWING
OPTIONAL FEATURES:
* Phase semantics (r6rs optional):
- A syntax violation is raised at expand-time if a binding is
referenced outside its declared levels. We do this for
both variable references and macro references. As we are
entitled to do by R5.97RS, we also check levels for some
references that occur when free-identifier=? is called.
Specifically:
A syntax error is raised if free-identifier=? succeeds
but either argument is outside its declared level. This is sufficient
to ensure that literals such as ... in syntax-case are used at the
correct level. See the examples file for more discussion, and for
an explanation of why the levels should not be checked if the
comparison fails.
Note: This choice raises a syntax violation when MzScheme and Chez
would disagree, thus ensuring that a program blessed by this
expander will be maximally portable.
- We start each expansion of a library form by removing visits of libraries
in any phase and instances of libraries in phases above 0.
We start each execution of a toplevel program by removing instances of
libraries in phase 0.
- While expanding a library form, we use an instance/visit at any phase as
an instance/visit at any other phase.
- We may create instances/visits of a library at more phases than
strictly required to satisfy references, but only in the case - of
which the semantics is unspecified in r6rs - where a library is imported
for some phase but none of its bindings is used in that phase.
Specifically:
During expansion of a library or program, each library imported
at phase n > 0 is instantiated once, and each library imported
at phase n >= 0 is visited once.
During execution of a program, each library imported
at phase n = 0 is instantiated once.
KNOWN R6RS-NONCOMPLIANCE:
* Version name and reference are syntax-checked, but otherwise ignored.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES:
====================
* Separate and joint code organization and expansion:
Libraries and programs may be in separate files or in the same file,
and may be separately or jointly expanded.
See example scripts in examples.scm.
* Repl:
A REPL is provided that is integrated with the r6rs library system.
Libraries and programs can be defined at, imported into and run in the REPL toplevel.
The ex:repl procedure expands and evaluates a sequence of forms one by one.
See example REPL session examples.scm.
* Reflection:
A library (rnrs eval reflection (6)) is provided.
It exports the procedure (environment-bindings <environment>).
Displays for each binding whether it is a variable or macro, its
source library, and its levels.
Very useful for library development and debugging.
See examples of use in examples.scm.
* Explicit renaming:
A compatible explicit renaming library (explicit-renaming) has
been included. Although such a library is definable in syntax-case
implementations that follow the algorithm described in the r6rs draft,
it would be inherently inefficient, suffering from an unavoidable
increase in complexity class over comparable syntax-case macros.
Our algorithm does not have this problem, is in fact nothing but
explicit renaming behind the scenes, and allows us to expose
explicit renaming efficiently.
See further documentation in standard-libraries.scm and
tutorial in examples.scm.
CHANGELOG:
==========
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF JULY 31, 2007:
--------------------------------------
- A compatible explicit renaming library has been included.
See documentation in standard-libraries.scm and tutorial
in examples.scm.
- Now completely r5rs-portable.
- Greatly expanded the porting notes.
- The few bindings necessary at runtime have been separated
into the small runtime include file runtime.scm.
As a result, since object programs do not depend on the full
expander, their runtime images can be much smaller than before.
- All runtime uses of eval, and a number of expand-time uses of eval,
have been removed.
- Added ex:expand-r5rs-file for expanding r5rs-like toplevel files.
- We now check that libraries imported at runtime are the
same build that the client library was expanded against.
- Uses better environment compression policy to make library
object code smaller.
- Changed some uses of unspecified value to undefined value
denoting the letrec(*) black hole.
- Replaced explicit deconstruction with pattern matching for
better readability and maintenance.
- The code has been modularized with let and letrec-syntax to
minimize the number of toplevel exports. It has been reorganized
so that internal definitions will work with both r5rs letrec
and r6rs letrec* semantics.
- The expander now relies on r5rs syntax-rules and letrec-syntax
and should run in a correct r5rs system. It is also metacircular.
In other words, if you don't have r5rs macros, you may use the
provided fully expanded version to bootstrap modifications by
feeding the expander to its expanded self.
- Removed uses of srfi-9.
- Library bindings are now properly removed before reinvoking
a previously invoked library.
- Changed representation of libraries.
- Added missing export char? to (rnrs base) and (rnrs).
- Expansion of lambda has been optimized to eliminate a closure
in the no-internal-definition case.
- Added 'only' annotations to standard libraries to make their
environments, and therefore object code, much smaller.
- Removed uses of let-values.
- Removed uses of nonstandard parameterize.
- Reorganized code so it should run on r5rs systems with letrec
semantics for internal definitions.
- Cleaned up initialization code.
- Fixed a bug where a new color was not created when invoking
identifier-macro targets of set!
- Improved performance of eval by preparing environment fully
during evaluation of (environment ---), not (eval ---) as before.
- Converted #'. #`, #, and #,@ to (quasi-)syntax and unsyntax(-splicing)
so we are independent of this reader extension.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF JULY 12, 2007:
--------------------------------------
- Immutability checks:
It is now a syntax violation if an explicitly exported variable appears on the
left-hand side of a set! expression, either in the exporting or importing libraries.
It is also a syntax violation if a variable appears on the left-hand side of a set!
expression in any code produced by an exported macro outside of the library in which
the variable is defined.
It is also a syntax violation if a reference to an assigned variable appears in any
code produced by an exported macro outside of the library in which the variable is
defined.
- Added library (rnrs eval reflection (6)) for reflection facilities:
(environment-bindings <environment>) lists the bindings in an environment
Very useful for development and dsbugging of libraries
See the examples in examples.scm file
- replaced implementation of QUASIQUOTE with optimised Dybvig portable syntax-case version
- an unbound identifier at toplevel will now match unbound literal in library
- improved some error messages to state source libraries of bindings
- Larceny compat updated to v0.94
- corrected free occurrence of FIRST in ex:unify-imports that prevented an error message
- removed caching of imported macros
- added missing version (6) to library (rnrs mutable-strings)
- only, except, prefix, and rename now enforce the constraints stated in the r6rs draft
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF JULY 10, 2007:
--------------------------------------
- Fixed bug causing internal error when a literal appeared followed by
ellipses, as in (syntax-rules (x) ((m x ...) #t))
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF JUNE 22, 2007:
--------------------------------------
- simplified expansion of bodies - "wraps"
- changed "mark" to "color" everywhere to avoid confusion with Dybvig algorithm
- changed unify-imports so it runs much faster
- reorganized standard libraries so more common names near front of envs
- simplified environment model significantly
- fixed bug preventing nonpair, nonvector, nonsymbol values in syntax
objects and patterns
- removed UNSPECIFIED
- we now detect and raise syntax error for pattern variables outside templates
- corrected bug where pattern variable occurred outside a template in standard-libraries.scm
- corrected bug preventing FOR clause from having no import levels
- as required by r6rs, free-identifier=? now treats unbound identifiers specially
- as required by r6rs, modified free-identifier=? behaviour w.r.t phases.
Previously, free-identifier=? could return #f in cases where both arguments referred to
the same binding but either argument was out of phase. Now an out of phase error is
raised in this case, so that a #f result can only happen when the arguments refer to
different bindings, and a #t result when they refer to the same binding.
- as allowed by R6RS, included refined phase checking of arguments to free-identifier=?
An out of phase error is raised if the comparison succeeds but either argument is
out of phase. This is sufficient to ensure that literals such as ... in syntax-case
are used in the correct phase. See the examples file for more discussion.
- out of phase uses of internal DEFINE, DEFINE-SYNTAX, LET[REC]-SYNTAX, BEGIN will now give a phase error
- for portability, out of context references to let[rec]-syntax bindings now give a syntax error
- refined algorithm for better detection of definitions that affect previously expanded
undeferred portions of body. Should now catch all cases.
- changed syntax of (primitives (id ...)) to (primitives id ...)
- implemented r6rs library version reference syntax
- implemented (library ---) import clause
- EVAL now raises a syntax error for definition or sequence containing definition
- added (rnrs r5rs) including
(null-environment 5)
(scheme-report-environment 5)
delay and force
- Added stubs for (rnrs uncode), (rnrs io simple), (rnrs mutable-strings)
- cleaned up standard library organization.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF MARCH 1, 2007:
---------------------------------------
- added Larceny, MzScheme and Chez compatibilty files.
- procedure ex:expand-file provided, that can be used as an r6rs front end
to an existing r5rs compiler. Libraries and toplevel programs may be in
separate files or in the same file, and may be separately or jointly
expanded or compiled. Interface is
(ex:expand-file source-filename target-filename dependency ...)
The dependencies must list the already expanded files
containing libraries to be imported.
- added examples and scripts for separate and joint compilation in examples.scm
- code no longer depends on the non-r5rs assumption of letrec* semantics for
internal definitions.
- replaced uses of define-struct by uses of srfi-9.
- export-levels of identifiers in standard libraries made consistent with 5.95,
although I think 5.95 is still wrong on this.
- ... and _ disallowed as literals, although I think 5.95 is wrong on this.
- removed requirement that toplevel program should end with expression.
- removed unused "level" argument in expanded library visiting and instantiation code.
- fixed bug that prevented certain redefinitions in toplevel repl (begin ...) sequences.
- changed contract-violation -> assertion-violation.
- added (r6rs control) to standard libraries.
- fixed bug that prevented shadowing of macro keywords by later variable definitions
ar repl toplevel.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF JANUARY 15, 2007:
------------------------------------------
- updated README to reflect compatibility with R(5.92)RS.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF DECEMBER 25, 2006:
-------------------------------------------
- corrected bug in phase shift enforcement while visiting and
invoking, which affected behaviour of syntax forms evaluated
in a library's top-level expand-time or runtime sequence.
- (r6rs base) now also exports ... and _ for use with syntax-rules.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF DECEMBER 17, 2006:
-------------------------------------------
- dropped unshared instantiation option, keeping only shared semantics.
- corrected export phase of syntax-rules and identifier-syntax
in (r6rs base). These are now exported for expand instead of
for run.
- simplified documentation in readme.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF DECEMBER 14, 2006:
-------------------------------------------
- removed support for declarations
- changed script -> program everywhere
- changed add-prefix -> prefix everywhere
- dropped the unparenthesized shorthand for library names
- changed forall -> for-all everywhere
- fenders have been removed from syntax-rules
- added "identifier-syntax" to (r6rs base)
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF NOVEMBER 27, 2006:
-------------------------------------------
- corrected implementation and description of invocation semantics
and its interaction with negative import levels.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF NOVEMBER 5, 2006:
------------------------------------------
- added UNSHARED semantics (see above) as a configurable option.
CHANGES SINCE VERSION OF SEPTEMBER 13, 2006:
--------------------------------------------
- added support for scripts.
- quasisyntax now works with unsyntax(-splicing) instead of unquote(-splicing).
- many bug fixes and improvements in code.
- reorganized standard libraries.
- properly avoids defect in R(5.91)RS assigning lexical scope violating
semantics to certain expressions.
- implemented library reference syntax.
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